14 Mythological definitions.

Myth: From the Greek Mythos, meaning story. A myth can be described, as many things but are most often a story to explain the world around people. One such story is the myth of Demeter and Persephone.
This myth is also a story that explains how and why we have different seasons.
Hero: A hero is often the focus of most myths. In these myths the hero is usually a force of change in the world. One who brings something new. A good example of such a hero in mythology would be the Greek, Theseus.
Hero Journey: The journey is often a cycle that applies to hero myths. Much like the introduction, climax and resolution of a storybook. The cycle consists of around twelve events, the main events being call to adventure, ultimate battle and resolution.
Universal: To be universal is to regard everything as just one thing. Something that is universal pertains to all.
Archetype: An archetype is a certain model of something. Archetypes appear all the time in mythology, from hero archetypes to creation archetypes. One such example of a hero archetype would be the trickster. Like the African Spider god Anansi.
Cyclical: As in a cycle. Like the cycle of the seasons.

Life out of Death: The concept that life thrives off of or is sustained by death. The Chinese creation myth of Pan Gu is a good example of this concept.
Sacrifice: When the hero needs to give up or let go of something he wants for the good of the people. An example could be when Heracles sacrificed his freedom to perform his twelve labors.
Duality: Duality refers to the relationship of opposites. Forever opposed yet forever united. The Chinese concept of the Yin Yang explains this relationship very well.
Creation: The story of how everything came into being. The beginning of life and the universe.
Patriarchal: Centering around the male. Male dominated.
Matriarchal: Centered around the female. Female dominated.
Creation: How everything began. How the world came into being.
Cosmology: Study of the stars and the cosmos. Ancient form of astronomy.